Concrete xxoob



R. B. HARTMAN. CONCRETE FLOOR CONSIRUCTlUN.

APPLICATION man APR. 10.":913.

Patented Oct. 14,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET in13, HARTMAN. CONCRETE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10. HHS- 1,318,995. Patented 0ct.14,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 n. a. I- IARTMAN. CONCRETE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILiD APR. 1% I913- Patented Oct. 14, 1919.

MSHEETS-SHEH' 3.

awn /c R. B. HARTMAN.

CONCRETE FLOOR consmucnon. APPUCATION FILED APR. 10. 1913.

1,318,995, Patented Oct. 14,1919.

. 4 firs-sneer 4,

t W! Q m nnDoLrH B. nnn'rnamor mznwsinmn, wxsconsm.

concurs noon consrnuo'non.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct, 14, 1919.

Application filed Aprfi 10, 1918. Serial N0. 760,113.

To all who?! it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH B. HART- MAN, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, have invented Concrete Floor Construction, of which the foilowing'is a specification.

This invention relates to concrete buildings and more particulariy to the floors thereof; and the object which I have in view is to provide an improved system of floorconstruction which shall largely dispense with floor-forms and especially with the cutting, fitting and placing of wooden platforms which are made necessary by the system of construction at present in common use.

Furthermore, I aim to provide a floor-construction system which shall economize in material, not only dispensing with the lumber necessary for the forms (except a small portion thereof which can be repeatedly reused), but also by using an inferior grade of materials and hollow spaces for a. part of the floor where that can he done without reducing the strength. i

A further object of the invention is to provide means for suspending beams and flooring directly from metal girders or beams where such are used in the general frame-work of the building.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a simple. and convenient device for regulating and adjusting the length of the wire used for drawing up the two sides of a wall-form, and for fixing the free end of the wire.

My invention consists in the constructions and combinations hereinafter described and. particularly pointed out in my claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the most improved forms of my invention,

Figure 1 is a plan view of the arrangement of a floor-construction showing the different elements thereof in position before any concrete is poured;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section thereof taken on the plane 2; r

Fig. a similar section on a larger scale of the I-beam or girder on the left of Fi 1;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one o the supporting-and-fire proofing blocks shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view, on a larger scale than Fig. 1, of one of the joists 0n the right of said figure and parts of tiles resting thereon;

Figs. .6, 7 and 8 are similar views showmg alternative forms of the same;

Fig. 9 is a planview of another arrange 'ment of concrete-floor framework and forms constructed according to my invention, showing different arrangements in each of the four panels into which it is divided, and a part of the filling slabs omitted;

Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the-same 0n the line 1010, except that all ofthe fillingslahs are inserted in this view lgs. 11 and 12 are side-views one larger scale of a pair of cross-joists of the type illustrated in Fig. 9;

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of one of the joists of Fig. 1;

7 Figs. 14 and 15 are side views of auxiliary devices which are used in filling the forms of Fig. 1;

Figs. 16, 17 and 18 show alternative types of floor-construction which may be used instead of that shown in Fig. 1;

Figs. 19 and 20 are transverse, sections through other constructions of concrete floor and according to my invention;

Fig. 21 is a transverse section taken at rightamgles to the view in Fig. 20,.eif" Fig. 21, on the plane 21; Fig. 20 being coriversely a Section on the plane 20;

Fig. 22 is a perspective view of-ja part of the slaband block-work of Fig. 19;

Figs. :23 and 24 are perspective views of elements for filling-slabs of the same type as those shown in Fig. 20 except forming closed panels instead of strips;

Fig. 25 is an end-view of Fig. ,6, which shows my novel device hereinhefore alluded to for drawing up and adjusting-this distance between the sides of wall-forms; r

Fi 27 is an end-view from the lower end of Fig. -26 of the device:

Fig. .28 is a perspective view :of the wirefastener shown in Fig. 26:

Fig. 29 illustrates a wire bend ready to loop around the fastener;

Fig. 30 illustrates in perspective an aiternative form of fastener; and

Fig. 31 is a side-view of a drill provided with my pulling-in arrangement; for wires.

The reference letters refer hach to the same part in each figure of the drawings.

Referring first to the construction of Sheet 1 of the drawing. theelements may best he described by the manner and in the order of erecting them. The floor is supposed to be divided into rectangular panels which may be square or oblong. this icon; struetion being cullgd ihe igzinel y sL e n z opposed to tho so-uilu nan'i byst'em in which the main supporting lie g ng r'iip in one direction only. For the sake of howin ;;t.ghit my in entio n igi aighlpted gfo eii iei'Yvithlhe cc'uii ios'i te'eoiistruefiion. \Vlfll steel framework and eoneiw-lti-fifilliing:m tlih all-vouerote mmstrlwtion, I have shown in the lippei leff liaiirl (Karma-Pam! adjahei'it eoruei's of the *pnuil s feel H ciil'iiiiiiis'A, stir;-

i 7 shown forms for concrete beunis l snub forms. eonipiii iiig "the ihiuhl heliohv will side-planks T)" h nd will be hehl in pla'c by lllP' concrete: bu tL fol temporarily "m pennhm ntl i' liohling them in place wires ilal i'i 'fllffib ln ihwhloelcw ii'ojeeting from themp unrl botwfi'i Miles that they ('illl beH'Wistl-d tiig ther LEW "mill 1/". (l-feoui'se; wlien -the fiooi is eastpthu pmj'eetin geuds ohthe wiresfean be eut riff 0r=plasteied' over; Y l 7 1 lief'm e' fraiii g ffifitlie v lilni'uybe observed tliul thegenbml=pri zeiple of -|u y oonstnilion herein (l'iselrrsi il-iaflo"arrange. as :1 hllbstitute for" the ue-ulul*teiuporai'y woollen forms, a sef' ofefipeeiallyi enst ele-ments of concrete, burn-t elnyeor other suitable 111w niaiiuit lit" lu =orllee=tn rfii'eproof "the jewe portions of the beams B and liliwi'a foi'm umppoi't' w embly of ieoii'ei-eteu- .ierjal which not only aet as temporary 011 fog; the eonegeje hul also form a peri theflooiufiil of the supports QHEfQl-kf. I "QKlLIHlHlS being nnule previoushx in the shop alltl brought to the place of: 1 11 on eun be nuule aml set more cooiioiiin'ull ilian eonel'ete (an be jihili'e'il" in" v i-lace; null-thewhave the. added advantage that the reiuforeenient is all placed before lhuinl and these elements eanhe rapidly set in pla ce withrrutwzmy eiitti g or fit 'ng. be-

ingull shaped ecirreetl "iii-eoviliilg tothe (lemore. the arrangement iwxm-lr as more? emu. rectlyjto distribute ihwloail-s by ipltlt'lllgfii rueelwhocolumns and sign :u'nli1iinensions afthe panel, I Further ingly'h :nlt'u'n e of i i closing the botfioni ofthe floor l iii-aimed oiilesk iimnhifiHg covering \K'hieh prevents eohl aiu from reaehing the bottom of the fieshly pom'eel eonei'ete before it, is

i -he construction huh-the further I set. so thu't nevonliug tmnry system the eluluy due to freezhg weather is very much less Z than-onthewvboden form 5mm.

Having mmstructecl ill? wolmnn iunl ill 'lQlIllCg'PilllGl into foul parts by crossllltlflhs l find'lfi hi-id on'u level \VililljP-{ll'li other? tli'ei'r'm ppei' sides fluh' with the under sliifiwe of the floor; Phinli E. extends aero ss' t he center of the:- piiiael uml in mm- 21ml M llie ohheneml it enhuiis agaiiu-st one of the blocks D me the 'iuner side of the: be-tun B uml is snpphi-lieil b v.a pom H and 1&1 braced eroHs-zn'lll There iii'ii tiwofbonnis 1 similarly a iipportelll t thei outer wilds, and \i'lllle 'tllily abut uguinstwihe @(Lgesofh plank E in the ee-mitei ofi tlifiz pillltl they-hm a. :post=Hi Wllifllllfliil'l'lllil sseiwes to Support: the center of the plank E. posts 1" may! also be uscil, ns'niuuy: as newssdi'ytosupmrt tho planks E mull at; interliitevniecliate mediate points. Then-e planks; E iilhl l? 1 dividing the panel into 011 ?Siilrpflilcls, iin-nl V 'EUO the oulv tempoi'ui'y pieces used "in the lloor-emisti'i *tion. V

l nextz 121' il-(I'OSS the subpanulls: in parallel relation {la-'Mlllfilll?!zlifCZTSli-QGIStS- J. one mid of each of which is supported by one of 'Ih'entIh of these roclsj': maygus S'lIOWR OII- the right-hand end of the upper joist in :1 Em lia i 7 the Jewel: left-mind S bPM Q lll'filthfiiflpp fili sylmmlri d y ends Mlle-re; thgey rgsg itlie beam honkeld aarpund tlmgl zf er s ho n margin; a V rib a g'ziflzifige ,5 v i K 1 l v lfit'qulvahmt laterally proienting 'jrlevloes slum- 1 1 7111 tho upper rightwhamlsubpanel (if 151g. 1 and in side Qfiii thapfloqr u These jiles have the, pmpmb diimensieins 4! 7 till the ;.spa ;e betweon two adjacent joists J 01," between them and I the sides gfi itlw'isttbpanel; t.h e,,0uter rows restingjipmi the fm'mplanks '12:, blocks D,

or Planks l and 1 as 1;l ie;(' inny. he T11 is 0031 lg). luftsi; Zilgnd glaseh conerote is 410W rag ily, tg.

Tho-slmnlwrsli, herein termed tiles. may be ofi concrete or burnt clay, t'erra cotta,

or similar mateigial as desired ien-t 01111 is llllittltHOWl] as fiboglg i143, SllOF'H; on the lefit of Fig; 2, theedges qf ghe file being curved and i-nter logkinll; will be.

understood. 0f fcouise. tlmt t'l eseqtiles .as wellv as msta iwcdi only be ungle. strong enough to suppum the wme-l' 'tedghi fl H setting am :tl eym're flfit necessarily 5 relied Q zthe; supporlg the, finished 7 the lmttomlof the. joist. and proiectil g laterally tht-i-efrornr amljn place 0f the tiles 1C tlw foi'm K is adopted which has grooves formed in' the :sidc-mlges' adapting them to 110 slid endwise over the projecting ends jj.

Vfl'lllfl; s:- uir mrisuppm-ts. to prevent, tllq tflesfimrri filling down before the jgistsmre set-in plnce trnnsverse bars j" iii-9 inse -todj which project literally ,fl'onitlle bottom cornets of theibeaim 'J as shown. beingrbent upwar cllyiilythe' middle. The ends of ihe bars 'j .;will,;0 260111236, projent slightly from lmgael; m d 1110 waited 'Llm ein. K

sid e of the; eiling, but tllOY are special shapg kill tjil All L V o H nnlorrhuary p n r.

139% '7 n w pips. ,(go I V 0 lifsice a Pll tlllC-S for i118 building 11' y be laid 'm" place bohvoen ftlieljoistskhd ei'cl'dss thilmafns as; may be cleairdgi'gihdthis dohe withoutany interfere: 1e Wiflftl e "pr'eviqnlsl or subsequent \fvkirk, \vh'iphi a great advantugv presented by my 'syst'eimlof rou h-11ction. Xgxt' cqliresifliei jqur'ing tlie mairi :uul qua -tq 'pig bbgiilis, andfm pi-d9 to do 1ll0l and at ight migl sms ecm ely to Hie joists 0n the slides Of the Subfjauls. "lhef Ii"; will his "speh' Quit the;

lid e the caseinj temporary plank Mfwhich' is 'fm-inc cl witli embedded in the concrete. plain slab n is used between the beammay now be filled up with any cheap material such as ashes, cinders, cinder-concrcte, etc., to give support to the floor-slab strips may be laid immediately on the joists J and secured thereto in appropriate manner and the floor-boards laid on these, leaving the space between the joists J empty or containing only deafening-material. This finishing can all be proceeded with without waiting for the quarterin -beams to harden. As soon as they have assumed their final. set, the planks E and F can be removed.

In place of using the combination of joists and tiiesshown in Fig. 1, I may combine the joists and tiles into one of the three forms shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18. In Fig. 16, the floor-forms and en ports are formed by T-shaped joists N, whic may or may not be provided with wire-netting reinforcement 'n' and reinforcing-bars n and n. In this case the 'oists sit together edge to edge, In Fig. ii are shown a set of channel-shaped members N which are also laid edge to edge and may on -nay not be provided with wire-netting or other r'eim forcement'h. In Fi 18 are shown a set of L-shaped members whichipre also set edge to edge, and the heel of each L-shaped member is formed with a bevel-flange n similar to the flange j in. Fig. 7, which engages the correspondingly beveled end of thehorizontal lap of the adjacent member N, and a further projecting bar n-flanalogous to the member 6 in Fig. 7, may be In this case a form on one side of the anel and the heel of one of the members N to avoid having the upright portion of the member come directly over-the beam-form. These forms of Figs. 16,17 and 18, however, are not so usable in practical construction as the plane tile-and-joist construction, for "the reason thatthey have to be made too heavy for handling without tackle, and it is one of my objects that the floor-form shall be laid entirely by hand-work} In Figs. 9 and 10 I; have illustrated another manner of carrying out the principle of quartering, the same primary principle which is shown in Fig. 1. The beams B and their form-planks b and b also the quartering-planks E and F, are substantially the same as in Fig. 1, unnecessary details being omitted. Instead however, of using parallel joists J, crossed joists O O are used,

If cinder-concrete is which, as in the upper left hand corner ofjoists, or preferably that shown in the right hand lower suhpanel, in which the two primary subjoists O and O are supplemented with four sets of secondary crossed joists 0* and In this way each quarter-panel may be divided as many times and into as many subdivisions as desired. Each of the crossed joists O, O, O", 0", O, and O,

are provided with lateral flanges 0' for the support of filling pieces, or formed with any of the corresponding equivalents shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8.

The method of forming these crossed joists is illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, and also on the left-hand side of Fig. 10. The beam is formedwith a notch 0 in the center of its lower side of the same width as the joist O, and the joist O has a corresponding notch a in the center of its upper side which has the width of the joist O; and the combined. depths of the notches 0 and 0 are equal to the depth of the joists O and O; the notch 0 however, is only of snflicient depth to permit the reinforcing bars of of the joist O to pass through it, said reinforcing bars being as near as possible to the bottom of the beam 0' and the reinforc ing-hars 0" of the joist 0 being disposed immediately over said notch, but still low enough to serve their purpose. Thus each joist has sutiicient strength, it being observed,

however, that the flexural strength of the joist 0 depends upon compression against the sides of the joist O. The subsidiary crossed-joists O and O are, of course, formed in the same manner, and thus the panel is divided into blocks small enough so that one of the filling-slabs P or P is light enough to be handled by hand. The ends of the reinforcing-rods 0* and 0 will normally extend beyond the ends of the joists, as shown in Fig. 1 and in Figs. 11 and 12, but for the sake of simplicity these are omitted from Fig. 9. In the case of the subjoists O and the ends thereof rest upon the flanges 0 of the primary joists,

and to prevent them from falling off in setone of the forms illustrated in Fi l9 and 20, which show cross-sections para lel to the main beams of the completed floor with forms in position. In this case, first a. series of planks Q are laid at intervals corresponding to that of the concrete beams T which are to extend across at right angles to the girders to support the floor; between. The planks Q are shown as supported on posts 9 which are braced and 'uiilted'by a transverse edgewise plank g. Spanning these planks Q, there are now laid in position rows of channel-shaped blocks R, each pair of adjacent planks being spanned by a row of such blocks; and over'said blocks, covering the hollow interior thereof, are placed slabs S, which may be notched as shown at S on the right, or plain as shown on the left, of the figure. The outer faces of the blocks R and slabs S have an, overhung bevel to give them a firmer support from the concrete beams T, which are all ready to be poured as soon as the reinforcing-rods t have been put in place. The blocks R and the slabs S or S are preferably disposed in staggered relation as shown in It will be observed that this style of floor involves a minimum of preliminary formwork, and involves no building up except to place plain rough planks in position; and also involves reat economy of material, since, in addition to the hollow spaces, the

blocks R and slabs S S can be made of.

cinder-concrete, which has suflicient strength for the purpose and is much cheaper and lighter. The only full-strength concrete is in the beams T. Furthermore, the construction gives increased width at the top of the beam for compression. 7

A. further development of this style is shown in Fig. 20, inwliich the planks Q,

posts g and planks g, arethesame except that the planks Q may be placed farther apart. Instead of the blocks R, slabs R are used; and instead of the slabs S or S, archedmembers or bridgepieces S", each of which may have a longitudinal strengthening-rib s". Theseare placed side by side in staggered relation as shown in Fig. 21, ahd the beams T immediately poured-after placing the reinforcing rods t. In thi form, the slabs R 5.01; as skewbacks or ties, temporarily at least. for the ends of the bridge-pieces S", and are therefore formed with lugs 1" which are engaged by lugs s" on the latter. this engagement preventing any displacement of the bridge-pieces as well as the spreading of the ends thereof. Another form of skewback-engagement is shown on the piece R at the left of Fig. 20, the bottom-member here being a plain slab provided with a notch r" oneach end which is engaged by a projecting angular rib s on the end of the bridge-piece. Fig. 20 also shows a third form of bridge-piece S, where the abutment is vformed simply by dri-vin nails r into the face of the slab after 1 'i'ssetup. This is simpler of construction with less risk of breakage in transportation, and it will be understood that the nails r simply act as temporary alining devices for the bridge-pieces S. The tops of the bridge-pieces'are made more or less angular according'to the strength desired for the beams T and amount of concrete needed in the top thereof.

In Figs. 23 and 24 the same idea of the interlocking slab and bridge-piece is shown carried out in the form of a panel filler adapted for one of the panel openin shown in Fig. 9. The lower member or s ab U is made with a flange, rib or other abutment u on all; four sides to rest upon theflanges o and the beams E and F, and the to or bridge-piece V, which is shown upside own in Fig. 23, is likewise made with engaging lugs a on all four sides and with trans verse diagonal ribs 1: connecting the corners. If made large enough this form can be made to cover an entire quarter-panel.

.In Figs. 95 to 30 inclusive, is shown my improved Wall-form adjuster. The formboards to and 10 are se arated by the thickness of a concrete Wal W, and, as wellknown, require stout tie-wires at intervals to prevent them from spreading. These tiewires have to be tied up to prevent them from pulling out to an exact length and fastened, and it is a part of my invention to enable it to be done readily and accurately as well as to store Wire for the purpose. X indicates a spool or drum having an axle w on which the wire is adapted to be wound and one or more holes m therethrough for securing the end of the wire. On the axle w are-mounted two circular disks m whose function is to form, a means of support for the axle .10 upon the plank 10 at a fixed distance therefrom. The ends of the axle w are extended beyond the disks h at each end and given a polygonal. preferably hexagonal, shape m, which acts in conjunction with a plate m having a correspondingly shaped hole as therein and adapted to fit over one of the ends an. The plate as has a flat base an" adapted to rest upon the plank 'w' The free end of the wire having been fastened in the manner hereinafter described or otherwise, the axle m is rotated and the wire so drawn up until the planks w and 10 are at the proper distance apart: then the aperture m is engaged with one of the hexagonal ends as in such a manner that the base m rests upon the plank w". lVhen the concrete is then poured, the strain of the wire tending to unroll it from the axle m will be counteracted by the plate m whose flat base rests against the plank 10 which prevents it from turning.

Y fastening, I may use the strip is inserted into the hole &'

As a means for fastening the free end of the wire Y I; prefer to use the simple contrivance'i llustrated in Fig. 28, which is simply a flat strip Z of wood or metal, preferably the latter, having a longitudingd sawcut or slit 2' of substantially the same diameter as the wire. To fasten the wire Y, a is formed by twisting the end y once or twice around the body thereof, and doubling the loop over so that the forked ends a of the strip Z can be thrust throu h the loop, the twisted portion lying in t e slit 2:. The free end 3; of the wire preferably lies list on the under side ofthe strap Z, so that it is compremed between the loop 1 and the plank w, and the twisted art ing confined to the slit is prevented em untwisting and the number of bends formed by the wire assure it greater holding-power than the force necessary to break the wire.

As an alternative form requiring a simpler Z of Fig. 30, which has a tapered slit a instead of the parallel slit 2', and a hole 2 at theend opposite theslit. In order to fasten the wire with the aid of'this strip, the free end 3 thereof is inserted into the hole 2* and referahly bent over with a hammer, then t e wire is passed around one side of the stri and into the slit 2 so as to be jammed e'r'ein in the manner shown, and a notch 2 may be placed in the edge of the strip Z" to assure eater stability as well as to guide unskilled workmen.

When'the forms are to be removed, the wire Y can be immediately detached by out ting it opposite the slit 2' or e and the strip -Z or Z released.

While I have hereinabove shown the most imgroved forms of my inventioh, Iwish it an erstood that not all of the features are essential thereto or necessarily made in the exact form shown but various changes and modifications in the constructions as herein shown may be made withoutde art ig gfrom the spirit of my invention," and wlsh it understood therefore that the latter is not otherwise limited than by the scope of my claims.

In order to draw the wires into lace I find the arrangement convenient w ich is shown in Fig. 31. In the end of a twistdrill, or flat-end drill do, with which the holes are bored in the planks w and w, or.

cleats or the like, for the wire Y, is formed a hole It. After drilling the holes through the wall-forms from side to side thereof, before extracting the drill, the end 3 of the wire Y and bent over as indicated by the dotted lines. The drill being now extracted pulls the wire Y after it. If the wire is to be doubled it can be pulled through the hole a sufficient distance to form bending in order to remove filling su port upon said beams,

a double length and then cut at the point of the drill, and the two ends twisted together over a strip such as the strip Z; or preferably, to avoid cutting the wire in this c'ase,a notch 62 is formed in one side of the drill, into which the wire can be looped and cast ofl' without cutting.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A substantially four sided concrete floor panel comprising inclosing beams along the sides, the panel transversely to each other dividing it into four or more subpanels, said subbeams being monolithic with said mainbeams, individually cast joists crossing each other at right angles and extending across the subpaneis dividing them into four or more individual spaces, said 'oists being notched where they cross each ot er whereby they fit flush withone another and having lateral projections on the lower edges, individual slabs filling said individual spaces, the lower surfaces of said subbeams, joists and slabs being flush with one another, and a filling supported upon said beams, subbeams, joists and slabs to a floor-level over the to s thereof.

2. substantially four sided concrete floor panel comprising inclosing beams along the sides, subbeams extending across the anal transversely to each other dividing it into four or more subpanels, said subbeams being monolithic with said mainbeams, individuallv. cast joists crossing each other at right angles and extending across the subpanels dividing them into four or more individual spaces, said 'oists being notched where they cross each 01: or whereby they fit flush with one another and having lateral rejections on their lower edges, individual slabs filling said individual spaces,- the lower surfaces of said subbeams, joists andslabs being flush with one another, and a subbeams, joists an slabs to a floor-level over the tops thereof; the joists notched from the upper side having a dee notch extending nearly to the bottom saving a narrow neck and longitudinal reinforcing rods passin through said neck; and the jloists notch from the bottom having a shal ow notch and lon 'tudinal reinforcing-rods passin close to t e top of said notch; and the width of the notch in any one beam being equal to that of the beam fitting in it. 7

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the resence of two witnesses.

' llUDOLPH B. HARTMAN. Witnesses:

Fran. A. Booomm, Jr., Fnux A. ABRAMS.

subbeams extending across.

hum 

